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Crime is present in various forms in Cuba though the government does not release official crime statistics. Crime reports are on the rise, with below-average crisis intervention from police. Gun crime is virtually nonexistent and murder rates are below those of most Latin American countries. Drug trafficking grew dramatically in the mid-1980s and 1990s. In the 1990s over 200 foreigners and many more Cubans were caught smuggling drugs, and some 31 tons of drugs, mostly United States-bound, were seized by the authorities. Prostitution and pornography are both illegal in Cuba. Though the Guantanamo Bay detention camp is located in Cuba, the detainees of recent years are held by U.S. military forces on charges of war crimes committed in other countries. ==History== ;19th century Some of the laws, crimes, and punishments pertinent to Cuba were enumerated in an 1879 translation of an 1870s document, issued by Spain. The penalties for crimes were subclassified as corporal penalties (including execution by the garrote upon a scaffold), correctional penalties, light penalties, penalties common to the three preceding classes, and accessory penalties. Many crimes were described in the document, under various Titles and Articles: # Crimes against the external security of the State (such as treason) # Crimes against the constitution (such as Lèse-majesté) # Crimes against public order (such as rebellion and sedition) # Falsitites and falsifications (such as counterfeiting of money or documents) # Violation of laws relating to interments, violation of sepulchers and offenses against the public health (such as adulterated medicines) # Gambling and raffles (such as unauthorized lotteries) # Offenses committed by public employees in the discharge of their office (such as bribery) # Crimes against persons (such as dueling) # Crimes against chastity (such as rape) # Crimes against honor (such as calumny) # Crimes against the civil status of persons (such as celebration of illegal marriages) # Crimes against liberty and security (such as abduction of infants or abandonment of children) # Crimes against property (such as robbery) # Reckless negligence ;20th century Before 1959, crime was quite common with gun wielding criminals holding sway. This necessitated intervention by the then president to hold parleys with them and induct them into the Cuban police force. After some time, the criminal gangs from the US migrated to Cuba and took control of the Casinos. However, as the US government wanted to have a hold on Cuba, they created a security force, a secret service agency which brought crime under control. However, when Cuba planned attack on USA, the situation changed and the police force ensured that the criminal elements were controlled in the country and many of them fled to the US as the immigration rules facilitated such migration. Drug trafficking grew dramatically in the mid-1980s and 1990s. In the 1990s over 200 foreigners and many more Cubans were caught smuggling drugs, and some 31 tons of drugs, mostly United States-bound, were seized by the authorities. The activity created a climate of fear of mistrust in Cuba, known as "desconfianza". To put an end to the activities of the drug smuggling criminal elements, Cuba established the Committees for the Defense of the Revolution (CDR) throughout the country which was more of a spying force, without camera surveillance, on its citizens operating in each block of every city and suburb in the country. This created a kind of fear psychosis, as the CDR would question any activity of individuals that they suspected could create some criminal activity. They arrested the criminals and jailed them. This also acted a deterrent for people from holding "guns, gang members, drug dealers or gangs of teenaged robbers in Cuba".〔 purposes. Both the American and Cuban governments targeted issues such as migration, drug trafficking, and terrorism. In the 1990s, a new form of Cuban literature, known as "Cuban Dirty Realism" by critics became popular, reflecting the "prisoners, prostitutes, drug users, alcoholics, thieves, and murderers whose lives involve lots of sex, drinking, drugs" in Cuba. Prostitution grew dramatically during this period, fueled by the increase in tourism in the country and legalization of dollars in 1992. Prostitution isn't illegal in Cuba, but is frowned on by many and is morally reprehensible and considered to be a "social disease" and a "product of pre-revolutionary society's selfish capitalist culture." The authorities in Cuba have organized various campaigns against it since the early Castro days, attempting to encourage women to seek more formal employment in factories and gain skills such as sewing.〔 During the 1998 campaign, Cuban police patrolled areas such as Varadero Beach and the Cuban Keys, key tourist areas affected by it.〔 According to reports though, prostitutes often offer bribes to enforcement officers.〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Crime in Cuba」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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